The inscription “INRI” seen on depictions of Jesus’ cross stands for the Latin phrase “Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum,” which translates to “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews.” This phrase was ordered by Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor who presided over Jesus’ trial and ultimately approved his crucifixion.
According to the Gospel of John (John 19:19–22), Pilate had this title written and placed above Jesus’ head on the cross, and it was written in three languages: Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.
This was common in Roman executions, where a sign (called a titulus) was placed on or near the cross to indicate the crime for which the person was being punished.
In Jesus’ case, the inscription was not a crime but a sarcastic jab — mocking the idea that this seemingly powerless man claimed kingship.
However, Christians view this inscription as deeply meaningful. While it was meant to ridicule, it ironically declared a profound truth about Jesus’ identity as the spiritual King.
Today, “INRI” remains a powerful symbol in Christianity — a reminder of both Jesus’ suffering and his divine kingship.